femininity. status brands measure on power-distance belief (low power-distance belief as value 0 and high power-distance belief as value 1), buying status belief (continuous measure and mean centered), and. Power Distance Index-measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system-acceptance of a hierarchy of power and wealth by the individuals who make up the general population of a nation, culture, or. He has become known for pioneering research on national and organisational cultures. expect and accept that power as distributed unequally. Show transcribed image text. It enable to compare the three different society presented. Cultures with low PDI scores value equality and reflect egalitarian. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Power Distance Index, long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance and more. 3a measures distance between target and acquirer country political variables and their impact on the M&A abandonment likelihood. 6. rituals . The power distance index measures the extent to which less powerful members of a society accept and expect power to be distributed unequally. According to Hofstede's study, UAE citizens have a much higher level of power distance (scored 80) than their United States counterparts (scored 40) as shown in Table 1. Power distance index (PDI) is an assessment of the extent to which a society accepts the unequal distribution of power. Higher the acceptance and the expectation of power inequality, higher the power-distance. Power distance index (PDI) is an assessment of the extent to which a society accepts the unequal distribution of power. ”In addition, the three countries under study diverge on other dimensions, such as individualism (vs. High Power distance. decisionmaking duties has a low power distance index. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. A totalitarian regime has a high PDI, while a democracy has a low PDI. There are 3 steps to solve this one. Those with a higher power distance scores appear to have a more "authoritarian" view of power. Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Russia and China are examples of high power distance countries with scores between 80 and 100. It is a measure of the extent to which members of a society accept that power is unequally distributed and accept the unequal power relationships between people. Australia performs best in defence networks. Power distance index: The index measures the degree of inequality that exists in a society. The degree of hierarchy/the greater the power distance, the less power the lower level has compared to the upper level. Societies with a high power distance exhibit the existence of more. Which of the following is used as a way of decreasing power distance in low power distance cultures: decentralizing activities. False Power Distance Index measures the degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders--Correct The purpose of user research is to gain an understanding of the users, their tasks, the tools and technology they use, and the environment in which they perform their tasks--WrongPower Distance Index; The power distance index measures how much inequality and wealth can be tolerated at a given level. PDI is a part of cultural dimensions theory, an attempt to quantify the differences in attitudes between cultures. The United States scores a compared to the of the German culture. Power Distance Index (PDI): this measures the degree of vertical, hierarchical power structuring in society. This inequality is accepted by the people. Power distance index. Power Distance Index (PDI) focuses on the degree of equality, or inequality, between people in the country’s society…. High Power distance. Cultures Crossing offers cross-cultural simulations which allow (business) students at many levels to. TRUE. The power distance index (PDI) is a measure of national cultures used in the field of international business. Put another way, PDI measures the extent to which people in a society or institution are comfortable with. Final answer. You must understand the culture of the consumer because that is what creates the market. They include: Malaysia (PDI of 100), the Philippines (PDI of 94), Russia (PDI of 93), China (PDI. In high power distance countries, subordinates expect formal hierarchies and embrace relatively authoritarian, paternalistic power relationships. The Power distance index measures the degree of hierarchy and focus of power and authority in the society House et al. Having put the Nazi Party and East/West Germany behind it, the Fatherland now measures a modest 35 on the Power Distance Index Scale (Hofstede). It represents inequality and a society’s expectations of its leaders. Hofstede’s scores range from 100 (the highest power distance) to 0 (the lowest). 0 (2 reviews) Which of the following statements regarding power distance and teams is correct? People in high power distance countries expect unequal power distribution in the social, political and economic areas. collectivism) and power distance (Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally). This is. The authority of the user over a productD. Through independent research over the coming decades, Hofstede revised his theories to include two additional dimensions of cultural values: long-term vs. The United States can clearly been seen as individualistic (scoring a 91). In countries with a large power distance culture, each individual has their rightful place within the social hierarchy (Mooij & Hofstede, 2010). A distance-to-frontier approach is used to compare a country’s results with the best performing and worst performing countries in each data set. She’s been designated as an Emerging Guru in the field of leadership by The Times in London. Today, Hofstede’s methodology and the. The Power Distance Index measures power inequality: those in a high Power Distance culture are deferential to leadership; in low Power Distance cultures it’s OK to wear your “Question Authority” T-shirt to work. Q 19: Power Distance Index measures _____. singh. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. upward mobility is limited. Or to put it in a more official way, Power Distance is the: “ Level of acceptance of people, who have no power, of the unequal spread of power in their society. score of 40 (Figure 2). individualism vs. Individualism Versus Collectivism. a. Hofstede's scores range from 100 (the highest power distance) to 0 (the lowest). Abstract: Devised in the 1970s by Dutch business theorist Geert Hofstede, the power distance index (PDI) measures people’s attitudes toward inequality in a. The relation between subordinate and boss depends on boss who makes all decisions. Malcolm Gladwell offers a good explanation in his book Outliers: The Story of Success when he talks about Hofstede’s power distance index, which compares the extent of unequal power distribution across countries. To fill the need for power distance measures at the. Measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and _____ among members of a society. , Germany has a. It refers to the degree to which members of a group or organization accept an uneven distribution of power amongst their members. 1. We expect that in the experimental conditions in both countries, the opposite effect will take place. Those with a higher power distance scores appear to have a more "authoritarian" view of power. Masculinity vs Femininity. This is applicable not only within corporate structures but also within communities as a whole. Hofstede's scores range from 100 (the highest power distance) to 0 (the lowest). Click the card to flip 👆. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. Hofstede (2010) also considers that power distance. 4 – Masculinity index (MAS) for 50 countries and 3 regions (Hofstede, 1997: 84) He also developed the power distance index to determine if a country has high, low, or moderate power distance. The study is interesting because a project manager's understanding of these factors is vital for proposing strategies to manage projects effectively. masculinity vs. (2012). Review 2 (3) 123 – 127 (2017) Arief Noviarakhman Zagladi distance indicators by Robertson and Hoffman (2000), as in the research conducted by Wang and Nayir (2010). society is differentiated into classes. High power distance index indicates that a. Power Distance Index (PDI) measures the tolerance of social inequality, that is, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. 1. The Power Distance Index (PDI) measures to what degree a country, organization, or institution accepts the distribution of power and authority; it can be measured through high, moderate, or low. Power Distance index measures the. The Power Distance Index (PDI) was created by Dutch psychologist Geert Hofstede and is a ranked measure of power variations between groups or hierarchies. Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less. The interesting aspect of phrasing the Power Distance definition is that it is written from the perspective of people who have no power. Uncertainty avoidance index: The index measures the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain or ambiguous situations. Power Distance (PDI): Measures the extent to which a society accepts and expects power and hierarchy in institutions and organizations. Power distance Index Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. The definition loses all or most of its. Members within a power network may accept or reject the power distance within an. A low power distance culture looks at people as equals, and work is a collaborative process. , 2010, House et al. indulgence to this list. Power Distance. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In low power distance cultures, managers, In high power distance cultures, access to power is regulated. Such cultures emphasize an unequal distribution of power among the population, and. *China’s score based on Hofstede’s measure of Hong Kong. Power Distance Index measures. a. 1. Power distance index in working class family is higher than that in middle class family. Q 19: Power Distance Index measures _____. Countries with high power distance tend to use participative decision making. uncertainty avoidance. Eq. 347). Table 6. Individualism index: The index measure the extent to which a society is individualistic. To measure the degree of power distance in a country, researchers have come up with a scale called, aptly, the Power Distance Index. In countries with a high PDI, people are said to be more accepting of large differences in power (as between managers and employees, or government officials and average citizens), and. Power distance index measures the extents to which less powerful members of. The Power Distance Index of the United States is relatively low, indicating a society with a relatively equal. High PDI cultures the those who hold power are entitled to privileges 4. This metric is one of six measures in the Hofstede cultural dimensions theory. Power distance measures how much a culture has respect for authority. 3. In the table, we break Hofstede’s scores into high (70–100), medium (40–69), and low (0–39). Collectivism. Rituals. Through independent research over the coming decades, Hofstede revised his theories to include two additional dimensions of cultural values: long-term vs. It further determines the degree to which the ordinary citizens or employees submit to the authority. However, it remains unclear how leader treatment may impact the way power distance-oriented individuals evaluate their social identities. High power distance index indicates that a culture accepts inequity and power differences, and it encourages bureaucracy. The power distance index of India, 77, is much higher than the world average of 59. In high-power distance index countries, employees are often afraid to express disagreement. The degree to which a society considers achievement or nurture C. Published Aug 30, 2020. >the value of dignity and respect a person gets from society. Those who are considering commercial use should contact us. As (Table 1) shows, many of the emerging markets in regions such as Asia and Latin America, such as India, Brazil, and Mexico, all have high power distance scores. False. Select one or several countries/regions in the menu below to see the values for the 6 dimensions. PDI has had a substantial influence on international business training. Members within a power network may accept or reject the power distance within an. Preference for individuality or conformity. Power distance index shows very high scores for Latin American and Asian countries, African areas and the Arab world. Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Two cultural dimensions are studied; power distance (POWD) and uncertainty avoidance (UAV). Culture is pervasive in all marketing activities, pricing, product, promotions, packaging, styling and channels of distribution. Researchers wishing to work with our. Kate Sweetman is founder and Chief Client Officer of SweetmanCragun. Ambiguity The aesthetics of a culture are found in. Masculinity index It is a range of expectations and acquiescence on the unequal distribution of power, which is expressed by the members of the organization or the basic social structures, with less influence. regional or by demographics like gender, level of education, or income. Administrative science quarterly, 286-316. According to “Clearly Cultural” Hofstede’s Power Distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organization accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. The method to calculate the power distance index is provided in details in the two versions of . a. Collectivism. 5 out of 100. S. uncertainty avoidance index. C) Perceptions of power are individual and generally not culture driven. The power distance index, or PDI as abbreviated, consequently acts as a valuable tool in measuring different behavioral patterns amidst employees. " Hofstede created a measurement tool for the power distance dimension. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low). world's second largest religion. The lowest ranked countries for. This concept. Consequently, the power distance index measures the degree of inequality in a society or country. Sweden has a low PDI score of 31, indicating a relatively equal distribution of power and a society that values equality and fairness. Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Note: in the original version of the book "Long- Versus Short-Term Orientation" was described as "Pragmatic Versus Normative. tend be hierarchical, with members citing social roles, manipulation, and inheritance as sources of. A. Measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity. The power distance is closely associated with social inequality. What this means is that a country with a larger power distance index will feel more empowered to be in control and their citizens to feel like followers. Surprisingly, the study shows that followers in high Power Distance cultures often accept the inequality as much as leaders. Power Distance Index (PDI) What does a high degree of PDI indicate?Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases. As the years go by it seems that the distance between the 'have' and 'have-nots' grows. xls, . The three items that compose the power distance index were non-managerial employees’ perception of the frequency of employees being afraid to express disagreement with the managers, subordinates perception of the boss’ decision-making style, and subordinates preference for boss’ decision-making style. Power Distance Index. Table 3 also reports how the VSM 2013 scale scores for power distance and its component items correlated with other measures of power distance. Two cultural dimensions are studied; power distance (POWD) and uncertainty avoidance (UAV). How is power distance measured? Power distance is typically measured using Hofstede's Power Distance Index (PDI), which assesses a society's level of power distance on a scale based on responses to survey questions related to authority and power distribution. These distance metrics are used in both supervised and unsupervised learning, generally to calculate the similarity between data points. Power Distance Index. 2. Power distance is a measure of the degree to which less powerful. Hofstede (1980) defines his self-constructed dimensions in the following way: 1. Although all cultures. PDI is a part of cultural dimensions theory, an attempt to quantify the differences in attitudes between cultures. Individualism 4. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is culture?, traditional definition of culture, Origins of Culture: Social Institutions and more. “Power distance can therefore be defined as the extent to which the less powerful members ofThe power-distance index measures the degree to which the individuals from a group or society acknowledge the hierarchy of power and authority. Indulgence Versus Restraint. It is a measure of the extent to which members of a. Masculinity Versus Femininity. The power distance index measures how society handles such disparities. society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. >the authority of the user over a product >the degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the. Dr. Long- Versus Short-Term Orientation. Power distance index (PDI) measures the extent to which people accept the inequality of power in a society or organization. While several scales are informally circulating at this stage of the pandemic, the Social Distance Scale (v1) now has initial psychometric information to support its use. Answer- the degree of a society’s level of inequality endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power Distance measures the distribution of power between the people in the nation and the businesses’ and culture. Hofstede (1984) defines power distance as “the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally”. To begin with, power distance index measures to what extent people in the culture tolerate the power and unequal distribution. It is a measure of the hierarchical nature of a society, with high PDI indicating that people are more accepting of unequal distributions of power and low PDI. A low uncertainty avoidance index indicates a high tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. indulgence vs. In turn, in Culture. measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society. Power distance (PDI) Hofstede’s Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions like the family, companies or any environment accept. Ranked 2 of 26 for comprehensive power, with an overall score of 72. It is used to measure the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within. Femininity measures the role of aggression, achievement, and gender in society. It's important to understand the perspective of the followers in order to appreciate this dimension, which focuses on inequality and power. 307, 1986) Power distance between Australia and Japan: Power distance in Australia: According to Hofstede power distance index, the score of Australia is only 36. 2 – Power distance index (PDI) for 50 countries and 3 regions (Hofstede, 1997: 26) Table 6. It can either be high power distance index whereby bureaucracy is encouraged or a low power distance index where participation and decentralization of power is encouraged. The power distance index – this measures the extent in which inequality and power. 6) Indulgence Versus Restraint. “. . The PDI ultimately provides evidence pf the extent to. The distance-to-frontier method allows for different indicators to be made. It signifies inequality measured from below as opposed to above and suggests that it is endorsed by both followers and leaders (Hofstede, Dimensions, 2014). She’s also co-author of The. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (high versus low). measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. What is power distance index? Power distance index (credited to G H Hofstede) measures the extent to which the less powerful members of the society accept or expect power to be distributed unequally. This study seeks to develop a measure method of national culture based on cultural origins. 3) Masculinity Versus Femininity. The Power Distance Index measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system; represents the extent of hierarchy in a society 2. The concept, is used in cultural studies to understand the relationship between individuals with varying power, and the effect this has on society. consumer. Power-Distance Index. Power distance measures a degree to which less powerful members of organizations can accept uneven distribution of power. The United States, Canada and Japan have somewhat low power distance scores between. Canada ranks 39 on the PDI, while India ranks 77. The method to calculate the power distance index is provided in details in the two versions of . The five dimensions of psychological power distance. There are 3 steps to solve this one. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women’s values differ less among societies than men’s values; (b) men’s values from one country to. Societies with a high power distance exhibit the existence of more. The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power and authority. Arab, African, Asian and Latin countries have a higher score with regards to power distance index while Germanic and Anglo countries possess a lower score. It was introduced in the 1970s by Geert Hofstede, who outlined a number of cultural theories throughout his work. Hofstede's Power Distance: Definition & Examples; Comparing Low & High Power Distance Cultural Communications; Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory; Cultural Differences in Negotiations and ConflictsPower distance is a measure of power dynamics; the differences in relative power between superiors and subordinates…. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. The power distance index measures to which extent subordinates of companies or organisations accept and expect that power is unequally distributed. This dimension expresses the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally: beliefs about the appropriate distribution of power in society. According to Hofstede, power distance represents “the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally” (Hofstede, 1989: 28). Here are, in downloadable . 1997). Step 2. 112 Greece 8 Singapore . Click the card to flip 👆. Measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society. The Power Distance Index measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system 2. Originally power distance index was proposed by Hofstede in his cultural dimensions theory (Hofstede 1980). PDI is a part of cultural dimensions theory, an attempt to quantify the differences in attitudes between cultures. individualism vs. This measurement can explain or reveal characteristics about relationships between bosses and subordinates around the world. Search for: 'power distance' in Oxford Reference ». The Power Distance Index, identified by Geert Hofstede, measures the tolerance for social inequality among members of a culture. Long Term Index vs Short Term Index. Markets are the result of culture. Cultural Values and Consumer Behavior Roy Philip. power distance index. Power is the capacity of a state or territory to direct or influence the behaviour of other states, non-state actors, and the course of international events. This dimension expresses the degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed. In contrast, the Hmong culture tends to have a higher power distance index, emphasizing hierarchical relationships. Preference for assertiveness or cooperation. A businessperson from the United States was introduced to the president of a company in another country, and the businessperson immediately began treating the president as his equal. 5. Uncertainty avoidance index. Power Distance Index (PDI) focuses on authority orientation The Power Distance Index measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system Cultures with high PDI scores tend to be hierarchical and value power and social status High PDI cultures: those who hold power are entitled to privileges Cultures w/ low PDI. 1. d. High Power distance. POWER DISTANCE INDEX (PDI) Power distance refers to the intensity and degree of inequality that exists between individuals, and different groups of individuals within an organization based on the power they hold. Low power distance index indicates that. This suggests that Canadian businesses will need. These are: 1) Power Distance Index (high versus low). Power distance measures a degree to which less powerful members of organizations can accept uneven distribution of power. Power distance is the degree to which the subordinate members of an organization will allow and favor unequally distributed power (Moran, Abramson, & Moran, 2014). Power Distance Index. Challanges of an aging world Fact: Global life expectancy for 2050 is 76 years old. So that cross cultural relationship can be established. Power distance index measures the distribution of power and wealth between individuals in a business, culture, or nation. High power distances cause politicians and business executives to be distant or alienated from others, and lower-ranking citizens and. the measure of difference between languages. Power distance also relates to the degree to which inequalities are acceptable within the organisational hierarchy. Masculinity Versus Femininity. Think of power distance as a social thermometer. society is differentiated into classes. In countries with a high PDI, people are said to be more accepting of large differences in power (as between managers and employees, or government officials and. Israel. Understanding Power Distance Index (PDI): The Power Distance Index is a measure that reflects the extent to which societies accept and expect unequal power distribution. For example, the United States has a 40 on the cultural scale of Hofstede's analysis. In Hofstede's framework, the power distance index (PDI) is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. masculinity/Feminity. View the full answer. Greater Global Connections Fact: 40% more GDP growth. The 30-year anniversary of Kogut and Singh’s (1988) groundbreaking study that introduced the concept of cultural distance and its accompanying measure provides the opportunity to take stock of what makes for a good construct. The Index is designed to be an analytical tool to sharpen the debate on the changing distribution of power in the region. Power Distance Index (PDI) measures the tolerance of social inequality, that is, power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. Individualism Versus Collectivism. Power distance index is when the less powerful members of an organization or institution expect power to be distrusted unequally. The arts, music, dance, and dress On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to. Flexible Time. the extent to which a community accepts and endorses authority, power differences, and status privileges. Question: Research shows that countries that score high on Hofstede's masculinity and powe distance measures are more likely to engage in unethical behavior. On the other han the power distance in the United States scores a on the . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Ethics, non-governmental organization (NGO) and more. Key Takeaways The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power. Hofstede included six key aspects of national culture country comparison scales, including: the power distance index (PDI), individualism vs. I t is . As (Table 1) shows, many of the emerging markets in regions such as Asia and Latin America, such as India, Brazil, and Mexico, all have high power distance scores. chosen as the central question for measuring power distance (Hofstede 2001: 53). Total views 67. power seen as providing social order. The Power Distance index shows how less powerful individuals accept and expect an unequal distribution of power. The other measures include: Uncertainty avoidance. Correlations between Hofstede's dimensions of power distance and uncertainty avoidance and selected indicators of the Human Development Report (HDR) were analyzed. The power distance index – this measures the extent in which inequality and power. For a multinational company, conflicts. Asia Power Index 2019 Methodology 2 I. Uncertainty Avoidance Index. 2 shows the levels of power distance (and the other cultural dimensions discussed later) in 15 selected societies. 437). An online intercultural training game that tests your intercultural knowledge and increases your cultural competence for living and working in a global environment. In short, the Index seeks to measure the ability of countries to shape and respond to their external environment. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Cultural Distance, Administrative Distance, Economic Distance and more. In a high power distance environment, there's a clear hierarchy. Societies with a high power distance exhibit the existence of more autocratic positions and centralization of power with considerable dependence of subordinates on their superiors ( Mihet, 2013. Power distance index measures the extents to which less powerful members of organization and institutions accept unequal distribution. (2012). 1-3. Doc Preview. , 2002). Masculinity versus its opposite, femininity refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. Australia is a middle power in Asia. Power distance shapes the way things are done at work, at home, and at school. linear time. self interest, while the power distance index measures tolerance of citi-. Measures the tolerance of social inequality. Taking a social identity perspective, we investigated how leader social support in teams impacts the relationship between power distance orientation and perceived insider status in China. c. measures power inequality between superiors and subordinates within a social system. Hofstede’s power-distance index measures how acceptable an unequal spread of power is to a society. The power distance index (Hofstede, 1980,. This dimension is essentially a measure of. collectivism) and power distance (Power distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally). 1 Power Distance Index measures acceptance and expectation by the less powerful members of organizations of unequal distributions of power. 11 Elements of Culture (3 of 4) Rituals patterns of behavior and. It is a measure of social hierarchy and cultural. In High Power Distance cultures, “inequality isIndividualism is the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. This measurement can declare or reveal characteristics info relationships between bosses and subordinates around the world. Part of the index measures the ability of less powerful people in a situation to talk to the more powerful people in the situation. an institute, high power distance of a society accepts the inequality of power and wealth . Originally power distance index was proposed by Hofstede in his cultural dimensions theory (Hofstede 1980). This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. Originally power distance index was proposed by Hofstede in his cultural dimensions theory (Hofstede, 1980). Key Takeaways. Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases. 그는 1967년부터 1973년 동안 세계의 각국(70여국 이상)에 직원을 두고 있는 IBM 직원들을 대상으로 각국의 문화적. Comparatively Japan has an intermediate power distance score, high scores for masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation and are collectivists and restrained. Hofstede’s Cultural Framework. Researchers can use them without asking for permission. This is an amazing turnaround for a. Typically, highly structured businesses have high indices. High power distance stands for an unequal distribution of power; low power distance stands for equally distributed power. Power Distance: Hofstede defined power distance as being the level at which the less powerful organization members expect and accept unequal power distribution. Masculinity. The power-distance index measures the degree to which the members of a group or society accept the hierarchy of power and authority. The Power Distance index measures how people react to inequalities in society. It represents inequality being defined from below, not from above in a way that a society’s level of inequality is. Interpersonal relationships are strongly affected by _____ such as family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations. 2. Power Distance Index measures.